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[1] Countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn, and Child Survival, “Fulfilling the Health Agenda for Women and Children: The 2014 Report,” http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/documents/2014Report/Countdown_to_2015-Fulfilling%20the%20Health_Agenda_for_Women_and_Children-The_2014_Report-Conference_Draft.pdf.
[2] Countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn, and Child Survival, “Fulfilling the Health Agenda for Women and Children: The 2014 Report,” http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/documents/2014Report/Countdown_to_2015-Fulfilling%20the%20Health_Agenda_for_Women_and_Children-The_2014_Report-Conference_Draft.pdf.
[3] James White et al., “Tanzania Private Health Sector Assessment,” Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector, Abt Associates, January 2013, http://shopsproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Tanzania%20Private%20Sector%20Assessment%202.pdf.
[4] Countdown to 2015, “Fulfilling the Health Agenda for Women and Children.”
[5] Debbie McGill, Nicole Perales, and Arin Dutta, “Prognosis for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health in Tanzania: Plans for Interventions in the Short, Medium, and Long Term,” Health Policy Project, shared with CSIS, February 2015, http://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/805_TanzaniaOnePlanbriefFINAL.pdf.
[6] Countdown to 2015, “Fulfilling the Health Agenda for Women and Children”; United States Agency for International Development, “Family Planning,” http://www.usaid.gov/tanzania/family-planning.
[7] United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, “Women and Children First: Countdown to ending preventable maternal, newborn and child deaths in Tanzania,” http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/documents/tanzania/Tanzania_Policy_Brief_FINAL.pdf.
[8] World Health Organization-AFRO, “The United Republic of Tanzania launches the Sharpened One Plan and the RMNCH [Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health] Score Card to prevent Maternal, Newborn and Child Mortality,” http://www.afro.who.int/en/tanzania/press-materials/item/6565-the-united-republic-of-tanzania-launches-the-sharpened-one-plan-and-the-rmnch-score-card-to-prevent-maternal-newborn-and-child-mortality.html.
[9] United Republic of Tanzania, “Big Results Now: BRN,” http://www.pmoralg.go.tz/quick-menu/brn/.
[10] Bernard Lugongo, “‘Big Results’ initiative now focuses on health sector,” The Citizen, October 12, 2014, http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/national/-Big-Results–initiative-now-focuses-on-health-sector/-/1840392/2483604/-/9pe3xlz/-/index.html.
[11] Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care and Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care are often referenced by the acronyms BEmONC and CEmONC. For more information, see McGill, Perales, and Dutta, “Prognosis for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health in Tanzania: Plans for Interventions in the Short, Medium and Long Term.”
[12] Ibid.
[13] Health Policy Project, “Snapshot: Tanzania’s Health System,” shared with CSIS, February 2015; Health Policy Project, “Prospects for Sustainable Health Financing in Tanzania,” shared with CSIS, February 2015. See also United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, “National Health Accounts, Year 2010: With sub-Accounts for HIV and AIDS, Malaria, and Reproductive and Child Health,” https://www.hfgproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Tanzania-National-Health-Accounts-Year-2010-with-Sub-Accounts-for-HIV-and-AIDS-Malaria-Reproductive-and-Child-Health.pdf; and USAID, the World Bank, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, “Domestic Resource Mobilization for Tanzania: Leveraging Economic Transition,” presentation shared with CSIS, February 2015.
[14] World Bank, “World Development Indicators,” http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/variableselection/selectvariables.aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators.
[15] PEPFAR, “Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Tanzania,” http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/199593.pdf.
[16] PEPFAR, “Five-Year Partnership Framework in Support of the Tanzanian National Response to HIV and AIDS, 2009–2013,” March 4, 2010, http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/138931.pdf.
[17] PEPFAR, “New Data,” http://data.pepfar.net/newData.
[18] U.S. Department of State, “PEPFAR 3.0: Controlling the Epidemic: Delivering on the Promise of an AIDS-Free Generation,” 6, http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/234744.pdf. PEPFAR collaborates closely with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in Tanzania. While PEPFAR focuses on services and systems strengthening, the Global Fund procures HIV/AIDS commodities. In 2010, the United States and Tanzania signed a Partnership Framework on HIV/AIDS, which articulates expected respective contributions and high-level goals and objectives to build a country-led sustainable response to HIV and AIDS for the 2010-to-2015 period. The framework emphasizes building the capacity of local organizations to strengthen Tanzanian civil society. PEPFAR activities focus on the following six key areas: service delivery and scale-up; prevention; leadership, management, accountability, and governance; sustainable and secure drug and commodity supply; human resources; and evidence-based and strategic decisionmaking. PEPFAR, “Tanzania: Operational Plan Report, FY 2013,” http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/222184.pdf.
[19] USAID-Tanzania Health Office, “Health Status of Tanzanian Families Improved,” presentation to CSIS Global Health Policy Center delegation February 17, 2015.
[20] USAID, “Maternal and Child Survival Program,” http://www.mcsprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/MCSP_brochure_English-2.5.15.pdf. The full list of partner organizations includes Jhpiego, Save the Children, John Snow International (JSI), ICF International, Results for Development Institute (R4D), Population Services International (PSI), PATH, and CoreGroup.
[21] Jhpiego, “Jhpiego in Tanzania,” http://www.jhpiego.org/files/Tanzania%20Country%20Profile_1.pdf.
[22] Presentation to CSIS Global Health Policy Center delegation at roundtable with representatives of U.S. agencies working on health in Tanzania, February 17, 2015.
[23] Peace Corps, “Tanzania: 2013 Annual Report,” and Seed Global Health literature provided to CSIS delegation, February 18, 2015.
[24] Presentation to CSIS Global Health Policy Center delegation at roundtable with representatives of U.S. agencies working on health in Tanzania, February 17, 2015.
[25] The Global Fund, “Tanzania (United Republic),” http://portfolio.theglobalfund.org/en/Country/Index/TZA.
[26] Communication to CSIS from Gavi Secretariat, April 17, 2015.
[27] United Republic of Tanzania, Prime Minister’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, “Mwanza Investment Profile: 2013,” October 2013, http://lakezoneinvestmentforum.go.tz/sites/default/files/Mwanza%20Investment%20Profile%20Consolidated_1.pdf.
[28] See Kaiser Family Foundation, “Maternal and Child Health Funding: Interactive Budget Tracker,” http://kff.org/interactive/budget-tracker/summary/Filter-Program-Area/Maternal_Child-Health/Agency/?view=range-years&startYear=2006&endYear=2016&filters=U.S.-Agency-for-International-Development.
[29] In April 2001, African heads of state met in Abuja, Nigeria, where they committed to a target of allocating no less than 15 percent of the annual government budget to health. World Health Organization, “The Abuja Declaration: Ten Years On,” http://www.who.int/healthsystems/publications/abuja_report_aug_2011.pdf?ua=1.
